Microbiological analysis of drinking and domestic water is a test to determine whether the water is safe for human consumption. These analyzes help identify the presence of pathogenic microorganisms or other undesirable microorganisms in water sources.
For the microbiological analysis of drinking and domestic water, the following parameters are generally examined:
1. **Total Coliform Bacteria:** Used to determine water contaminated with human and animal feces. These bacteria indicate that the water supply may be contaminated, but they usually do not cause disease.
2. **Fecal Coliform or Escherichia coli (E. coli):** It is a specific indicator of fecal contamination. The presence of E. coli indicates that the water is contaminated with human feces or animal feces and may contain potentially pathogenic microorganisms.
3. **Enterococci:** Another indicator of fecal contamination of water and is sometimes measured with E. coli.
4. **Pseudomonas aeruginosa:** This bacterium can be found in natural aquatic environments and does not usually pose a health risk, but can sometimes cause infection.
5. **Clostridium perfringens:** May be an indicator of fecal contamination and may indicate previous contamination of water supplies.
6. **Total Bacteria Count:** Indicates the general microbiological quality of the water.
7. **Other Pathogens:** Specific pathogens (eg Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, protozoa parasites) can be tested for some water-borne diseases.
The following steps are generally followed in microbiological analysis:
1. **Sampling:** Water samples are taken using correct sampling techniques.
2. **Incubation:** Samples are incubated at specific temperatures for a specified period of time.
3. **Analysis:** Specimens are examined under a microscope or analyzed by culture methods to determine the presence and number of microorganisms.
4. **Reporting:** Analysis results are evaluated and reported according to national and international standards or guidelines.
In water quality management, it is recommended to perform microbiological analyzes at regular intervals. This is critical to ensure that the water is consistently safe for human consumption.